This page holds the full text of every disclaimer that appears in short form at the top of a post. Each post links here at the relevant anchor. The disclaimers cover the four jurisdictions most relevant to the author’s domicile and the site’s readership: Switzerland, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany / the European Union. Where a sentence has specific legal effect in one jurisdiction, the relevant statute is named so that the structural protection is locatable.
The author is Philipp D. Dubach, a Swiss-resident writer with a journalistic blog at philippdubach.com. The blog has no advertising, no affiliate links, no paid tiers, and no sponsorship arrangements. Privacy notice and contact: /impressum/.
Finance
This article is journalistic commentary, not investment, financial, tax, or legal advice, and not a recommendation, solicitation, or invitation to buy, sell, or hold any security or other financial instrument. This publication is impersonal, of regular and general circulation, bona fide journalism, and is not tailored to the investment objectives, financial situation, or needs of any specific person.
The author is not registered as an investment adviser in any jurisdiction and holds no authorisation from FINMA, the FCA, BaFin, the SEC, or any other regulator. This content does not constitute a Finanzdienstleistung within the meaning of Art. 3 lit. c FinSA, in particular no personal recommendation in respect of financial instruments. No client relationship, suitability assessment, or appropriateness check arises from reading this content.
This article is not directed at persons in the United Kingdom and is not a financial promotion within the meaning of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. UK persons should disregard the content. The journalistic nature of the publication preserves the Article 20 FPO exemption.
Where the article discusses specific securities or issuers and could be characterised as an investment recommendation under Article 3(1)(35) of Regulation (EU) 596/2014 (MAR) read with Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/958, the following structural disclosure applies: producer — Philipp D. Dubach, contact via the Impressum; date of production — as timestamped on the article; methodology — qualitative analysis of publicly available filings and secondary sources, with no proprietary quantitative model unless explicitly described; valuation basis — as set out in-text; position disclosure — the author may hold long or short positions in any instrument discussed, in derivatives referencing it, or in related instruments, and is under no obligation to disclose or to update; no systematic distribution of buy/sell/hold ratings is maintained; conflicts of interest — none beyond any position the author may personally hold; compensation — the author has not received, and will not receive, any direct or indirect compensation from any issuer, promoter, or affiliate of any security discussed (Section 17(b) Securities Act).
Statements about future events are forward-looking and subject to risks and uncertainties; actual results may differ materially. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Liability for slight negligence is excluded to the extent legally permissible. Mandatory liability for intent, gross negligence, injury to life, body, or health, fraud, and under non-waivable consumer-protection law remains unaffected (OR Art. 100; CRA 2015 s.62; UCTA 1977 s.2; § 309 Nr. 7 BGB; applicable US state law).
Medical
This article is general journalism on a health topic. It is not medical advice, not a diagnosis, not a treatment recommendation, and does not create a clinician-patient relationship. Reading this article does not establish a Behandlungsverhältnis under Swiss law, a duty of care under English common law, a physician-patient relationship under US state law, or any analogous relationship under German law.
Do not disregard, avoid, or delay seeking professional medical advice because of anything you read here. If you may have a medical emergency, contact your local emergency number (144 in Switzerland; 112 in Germany and the UK; 911 in the United States) or seek immediate medical attention.
Always consult a qualified healthcare provider licensed in your jurisdiction regarding any medical condition, medication, or treatment decision. The author makes no representation that any therapy, drug, intervention, or comparison discussed is safe, effective, or appropriate for any particular person, condition, or jurisdiction. References to off-label uses, comparative efficacy, or unapproved indications are reportage and analysis of publicly available scientific information, not therapeutic recommendations.
This article is journalistic reportage within the press-freedom protections of BV Art. 17 (Switzerland) and Art. 5 GG (Germany). It is not Werbung within the meaning of § 1 HWG, contains no therapeutic-success promise, and is not addressed to consumers seeking treatment.
Liability for slight negligence is excluded to the extent legally permissible. Mandatory liability for intent, gross negligence, injury to life, body, or health, and under non-waivable law remains unaffected.
Prescription-only medicines
This article is journalistic reportage on publicly available clinical, regulatory, and commercial information concerning prescription-only medicines (POMs). It is not promotional material, not advertising, not medical advice, and not directed at consumers or patients.
Specifically, this article is not Publikumswerbung within the meaning of Art. 31 HMG and the AWV (Switzerland), is not Werbung within the meaning of § 10 HWG (Germany), is not an advertisement within regulation 7 of the Human Medicines Regulations 2012 (United Kingdom), and is not promotion within the meaning of 21 U.S.C. § 352(n) or 21 CFR § 202.1 (United States).
Prescription-only medicines can be supplied only on the order of a qualified healthcare professional licensed in the relevant jurisdiction. Indications, dosages, and comparative efficacy described in this article may not be authorised in your jurisdiction. Off-label uses are discussed as reportage on published research, not as recommendations to use any medicine for an unapproved purpose.
The author has no financial, consulting, advisory, employment, or promotional relationship with any manufacturer, distributor, marketer, or healthcare professional discussed, and has received no compensation in any form from any such party. No statement here has been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Swissmedic, the MHRA, the EMA, or any other competent authority.
Nothing in this article is a recommendation to use, prescribe, or seek any specific medicine. Consult a qualified healthcare provider for any medical question.
Liability for slight negligence is excluded to the extent legally permissible. Mandatory liability remains unaffected as described under Medical.
General
All opinions expressed are the personal views of the author, offered in good faith as commentary, criticism, and analysis on matters of public concern. They do not represent the views of any employer, sponsor, client, or third party. Statements of fact are believed to be accurate as of the date of writing; material errors will be corrected on reasonable notice.
Evaluative statements about identified persons or organisations are honest opinion based on the disclosed facts and sources within the meaning of Defamation Act 2013 s.3 (UK); are Meinungsäusserung rather than Tatsachenbehauptung, protected under Art. 5 GG (Germany); are opinion within the meaning of Milkovich v Lorain Journal (US); and reflect Persönliche Wertung consistent with Swiss ZGB Art. 28 jurisprudence on commentary on persons of contemporary history.
References to third parties, products, works, or research are made for purposes of commentary, criticism, news reporting, scholarship, and research within the meaning of 17 U.S.C. § 107 (US fair use); CDPA 1988 s.30 (UK fair dealing); § 51 UrhG (German Zitatrecht); and Art. 25 URG (Swiss Zitatrecht). Trademarks and logos referenced remain the property of their respective owners.
Links to third-party sites are provided for context and do not constitute endorsement.
No warranties, express or implied, are given as to the accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any purpose of the content, except as required by non-waivable law. Liability for slight negligence is excluded to the extent legally permissible (OR Art. 100; CRA 2015 s.62; UCTA 1977 s.2; § 309 Nr. 7 BGB). Mandatory liability for intent, gross negligence, injury to life, body, or health, and fraud remains unaffected.
AI / ML
AI capabilities evolve rapidly; descriptions of model behaviour, benchmarks, capabilities, or pricing may become outdated within weeks or days. Treat any specific claim about a model or platform as a snapshot in time.
Code samples, model outputs, prompts, and implementations on this site are provided AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, and the absence of defects. In no event shall the author be liable for any claim, damages, or other liability arising from use of any code or output shown here. Verify all artefacts independently before relying on them in any production or safety-critical context.
Outputs from AI models referenced or quoted may contain factual errors, fabrications, biases, or unsafe instructions. The author makes no representation about the truthfulness, safety, or appropriateness of any model output. Where third-party code or model weights are referenced, the underlying licence terms govern; the author makes no warranty as to the validity of any licence reference.
This site does not provide any high-risk AI system within the meaning of the EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689); no conformity assessment or AI-Act-equivalent evaluation has been performed.
Liability for slight negligence is excluded to the extent legally permissible. Mandatory liability for intent, gross negligence, injury to life, body, or health, and under non-waivable consumer-protection law remains unaffected.
Research
This article summarises and interprets publicly available third-party research for the purposes of commentary, criticism, scholarship, and news reporting, relying on the quotation-right exceptions available under: 17 U.S.C. § 107 (US fair use); CDPA 1988 s.30 (UK fair dealing); § 51 UrhG (German Zitatrecht); and Art. 25 URG (Swiss Zitatrecht). Quotations are limited to what is necessary for these purposes and are identified to source.
The author has no affiliation with, employment by, or commercial relationship with the cited researchers, their institutions, or their funders, and has received no compensation from any such party.
Interpretations are the author’s own and may differ from those of the original authors. Any characterisation of cited work is offered in good faith based on the published record and will be corrected on reasonable notice if shown to be inaccurate. Nothing here is intended to impugn the integrity, methodology, or professional reputation of any cited researcher; § 824 BGB framing applies to any factual representation about a researcher’s work.
Where a summary departs from the cited paper in nuance or emphasis, the cited paper governs. Readers should consult the cited primary source before drawing operative conclusions from this summary.
Gambling
This article is journalistic and analytical commentary on gambling, casinos, prediction markets, or similar wagering structures. It is not advertising of, endorsement of, inducement to use, or recommendation to participate in any gambling product or operator.
Specifically, this article is not an advertisement of gambling within the meaning of section 333 of the Gambling Act 2005 (UK), is not Werbung im Sinne von § 5 GlüStV (Germany), and is not a non-permitted invitation to participate in foreign games of chance under Art. 74 BGS (Switzerland). The author is not a licensed gambling operator, has no affiliate or commercial relationship with any operator referenced, and receives no consideration of any kind for mentioning any operator or product.
Where the article references specific operators or markets, those may not be licensed in your jurisdiction. The legality of sports betting, online casino games, prediction markets, and other forms of gambling varies by jurisdiction and changes frequently. In the United States, gambling legality varies state-by-state under post-Murphy v NCAA frameworks and remains restricted or prohibited in many states. In Germany, only operators licensed by the Gemeinsame Glücksspielbehörde (GGL) may lawfully offer gambling to German residents. In Switzerland, only operators licensed by the ESBK or Gespa may lawfully offer online games of chance. In the United Kingdom, gambling advertising and operation are tightly regulated by the Gambling Commission.
You must be of legal age in your jurisdiction (typically 18 in CH/UK/EU and 21 in most US gambling jurisdictions) to participate in any form of gambling. You are solely responsible for compliance with all applicable laws.
Gambling involves significant risk of financial loss and can be addictive. No system, strategy, statistical method, or analysis discussed here guarantees winnings or eliminates the house edge.
If you or someone you know has a gambling problem, free, confidential help is available:
- United States: 1-800-GAMBLER (ncpgambling.org)
- Switzerland: SOS Spielsucht 0800 040 080, Sucht Schweiz
- Germany: BZgA Telefonhilfe 0800 1 372 700 (kostenfrei, anonym)
- United Kingdom: BeGambleAware.org, Gamblers Anonymous
Liability for slight negligence is excluded to the extent legally permissible. Mandatory liability remains unaffected as described under General.